Câu tường thuật (reported speech) là một chủ điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt đối với học sinh lớp 8. Bài viết này cung cấp tóm tắt lý thuyết về câu tường thuật, hướng dẫn cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, đồng thời kèm theo bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 8 có đáp án. Nội dung giúp học sinh nắm vững kiến thức, cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài thi và áp dụng hiệu quả trong giao tiếp hàng ngày.
Tổng quan lý thuyết về câu tường thuật tiếng Anh lớp 8
Khái niệm và cách sử dụng câu tường thuật
Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) được dùng để truyền đạt lại lời nói của người khác mà không thay đổi ý nghĩa. Ngoài việc truyền đạt lại lời nói, người nói/viết có thể truyền đạt lại suy nghĩ của người khác.
Tường thuật trực tiếp
Câu tường thuật trực tiếp (Direct Speech) là câu trích dẫn nguyên văn hoặc một phần lời nói của người khác và thường được sử dụng với dấu ngoặc kép [“] hoặc dấu nháy đơn [‘].
Ví dụ:
"I saw a movie yesterday", she said.
(Dịch: "Tôi đã xem một bộ phim ngày hôm qua, cô ấy nói.)
The CEO said that the new project was a “game changer” for their company.
(Dịch: Giám đốc điều hành nói rằng dự án mới là một "thứ làm thay đổi cuộc chơi" cho công ty của họ.)
Ngoài “say”, một số động từ tường thuật khác cũng thường được sử dụng:
Động từ tường thuật
Nghĩa
Tell
Nói
Ask
Hỏi
Reply
Trả lời
Report
Báo cáo
Plead
Cầu xin
Admit
Thừa nhận
Suggest
Đề nghị
Suppose
Giả định
Warn
Cảnh cáo
Explain
Giải thích
Describe
Miêu tả
Tường thuật gián tiếp - Quy tắc chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Thay đổi thì của động từ
Câu trực tiếp
Câu gián tiếp
Ví dụ
Hiện tại đơn
Quá khứ đơn
He said, "I play football every weekend."→ He said that he played football every weekend.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy chơi bóng đá mỗi cuối tuần.)
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
"I am reading a book at the moment,” said Sarah.→ Sarah said that she was reading a book at that moment.(Dịch: Sarah nói rằng cô ấy đang đọc một quyển sách vào lúc đó.)
Hiện tại hoàn thành/Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ hoàn thành
"I have finished my homework,” he said.→ He said that he had finished his homework.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy đã hoàn thành bài tập về nhà của mình.)
Quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ hoàn thành
"She went to the church," said he.→ He said that she had gone to the church.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng cô ấy đã tới nhà thờ.)
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
"I was watching TV at 4 p.m. yesterday," said John.→ John said that he had been watching TV at 4 p.m. the previous day.(Dịch: John nói rằng anh ấy đã đang xem TV lúc 4 giờ chiều hôm trước đó.)
Tương lai đơn
Would + V-inf
"I will go to the park tomorrow," said he.→ He said that he would go to the park tomorrow.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng ngày mai anh ấy sẽ đến công viên.)
Tương lai tiếp diễn
Would be + V-ing
She said, "I will be working at 8 p.m. tomorrow".→ She said that she would be working at 8 p.m. tomorrow.(Dịch: Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy sẽ làm việc lúc 8 giờ tối mai.)
Tương lai gần
Was going to + V-inf
"She is going to travel to France," said Mark.→ Mark said that she was going to travel to France.(Dịch: Mark nói rằng cô ấy sẽ đi du lịch tới Pháp.)
Shall/can/may/must
Should/could/might/had to
Binh suggested, “We shall start working”.→ Binh suggested that they should start working.(Dịch: Bình đề nghị họ nên bắt đầu làm việc.)
Should/could/might/would
Giữ nguyên
An suggested, “We should focus more”.→ An suggested that they should focus more.(Dịch: An đề nghị họ nên tập trung hơn.)
Lưu ý, nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại, giữ nguyên thì khi đổi sang câu trần thuật.
Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Câu trực tiếp
Câu gián tiếp
Ví dụ
Now
Then
“I am driving now,” said she.→ She said that she was driving then.(Dịch: Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy đã lái xe lúc đó.)
Today
That day
“I will go out today,” said he.→ He said that he would go out that day.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy sẽ ra ngoài vào ngày hôm đó.)
Tomorrow
The next day/The following day
"I will depart tomorrow," said John.→ John said that he would depart the next day.(Dịch: John nói rằng anh ấy sẽ khởi hành vào ngày hôm sau.)
Yesterday
The day before/The previous day
He said, "I didn’t go to school yesterday".→ He said that he hadn’t go to school the day before.(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy đã không đến trường vào ngày hôm trước.)
Ago
Before
She said, "I saw him two days ago".→ She said that she had seen him two days before.(Dịch: Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy đã nhìn thấy anh ấy hai ngày trước.)
Here/there
There
She said, "I am here".→ She said that she was there.(Dịch: Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy đã ở đó.)
This/that
That
Anne suggested, “We may visit Rome this summer”.→ Anne suggested that they might visit Rome that summer.(Dịch: Anne gợi ý rằng họ có thể đến thăm Rome vào mùa hè đó.)
These/those
Those
James said, “These books are very interesting”.→ James said that those books were very interesting.(Dịch: James nói rằng những quyển sách đó rất thú vị.)
Các loại câu tường thuật
Câu khẳng định: Chủ ngữ + said + (that) + mệnh đề.
He said, "I am a high school student".
→ He said that he was a high school student.
(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy là một học sinh cấp 3.)
Câu hỏi Yes/No: Chủ ngữ + asked/wondered/wanted to know + (tân ngữ) + if/whether + mệnh đề.
He asked me, "Are you a student?"
→ He asked if I was a student.
(Dịch: Anh ấy hỏi tôi có phải là sinh viên không.)
Câu hỏi WH: Chủ ngữ + asked (tân ngữ)/wanted to know/wondered + WH-words + mệnh đề.
She asked, "Where do you live?"
→ She asked where I lived.
(Dịch: Cô ấy hỏi tôi sống ở đâu.)
Câu mệnh lệnh: Chủ ngữ + told/asked/commanded + tân ngữ + (not) to + động từ nguyên thể.
My mom told me, "Close the door".
→ My mom told me to close the door.
(Dịch: Mẹ tôi bảo tôi đóng cửa lại.)
Ôn tập thêm: Tổng hợp Kiến thức Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 8
Bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 8 kèm đáp án
Bài tập 1: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi
Ví dụ: She said, “I am reading a book now.”→ She said that she was reading a book then.
1. "I haven't finished my homework yet," the student said.→ ______________________________________________________
2. "We are planning a trip to Europe next month," they announced.→ ______________________________________________________
3. "I don't understand this math problem," Mary told her teacher.→ ______________________________________________________
4. "The concert will start at 8 PM tonight," the organizer informed us.→ ______________________________________________________
5. "I have been working on this project for two weeks," Tom said.→ ______________________________________________________
6. "We won't be able to attend the meeting tomorrow," the team leader said.→ ______________________________________________________
7. "I'm allergic to peanuts," she told the waiter.→ ______________________________________________________
8. "The train leaves at 6 AM sharp," the station master announced.→ ______________________________________________________
9. "I forgot to bring my wallet," John said to his friend.→ ______________________________________________________
10. "We have lived in this city for ten years," my parents said.→ ______________________________________________________
11. "I will graduate from university next year," Sarah told her grandparents.→ ______________________________________________________
12. "The museum is closed on Mondays," the guide informed the tourists.→ ______________________________________________________
13. "I've never been to Australia before," he said.→ ______________________________________________________
14. "We must submit the report by Friday," the manager told the employees.→ ______________________________________________________
15. "I'm learning to play the guitar," Lisa said to her cousin.→ ______________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. The student said that he/she hadn't finished his/her homework yet.
2. They announced that they were planning a trip to Europe the following month.
3. Mary told her teacher that she didn't understand that math problem.
4. The organizer informed us that the concert would start at 8 PM that night.
5. Tom said that he had been working on that project for two weeks.
6. The team leader said that they wouldn't be able to attend the meeting the next day.
7. She told the waiter that she was allergic to peanuts.
8. The station master announced that the train left at 6 AM sharp.
9. John said to his friend that he had forgotten to bring his wallet.
10. My parents said that they had lived in that city for ten years.
11. Sarah told her grandparents that she would graduate from university the following year.
12. The guide informed the tourists that the museum was closed on Mondays.
13. He said that he had never been to Australia before.
14. The manager told the employees that they must submit the report by Friday.
15. Lisa said to her cousin that she was learning to play the guitar.
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng trong các đáp án A, B, C, D
1. Tom: "Where did you go last weekend?"→ Tom asked me where ____________
A. I went last weekendB. did I go last weekendC. I had gone last weekendD. I have gone last weekend
2. Sarah: "Are you coming to the party tonight?"→ Sarah asked if ____________
A. I am coming to the party tonightB. I was coming to the party that nightC. will I come to the party tonightD. I come to the party tonight
3. Teacher: "Who wrote this essay?"→ The teacher wanted to know ____________
A. who has written this essayB. who had written that essayC. who wrote this essayD. who did write this essay
4. John: "How long have you been studying English?"→ John asked me how long ____________
A. I have been studying EnglishB. had I been studying EnglishC. I was studying EnglishD. I studied English
5. Mike: "Can you help me with my homework?"→ Mike asked if ____________
A. I can help him with his homeworkB. I could help him with his homeworkC. could I help him with his homeworkD. I help him with his homework
6. Lisa: "What time does the movie start?"→ Lisa wanted to know ____________
A. what time the movie startsB. what time did the movie startC. what time the movie startedD. what time is the movie starting
7. Dad: "Have you cleaned your room yet?"→ Dad asked if ____________
A. I have cleaned my room yetB. I had cleaned my room yetC. I cleaned my room yetD. have I cleaned my room yet
8. Anna: "Will you be at the meeting tomorrow?"→ Anna asked if ____________
A. I will be at the meeting tomorrowB. I would be at the meeting the next dayC. I am at the meeting tomorrowD. was I at the meeting tomorrow
9. The doctor asked him, "How often do you exercise?"→ The doctor inquired ____________
A. how often he exercisedB. how often did he exerciseC. how often I exercisedD. how often did I exercise
10. Peter: "What were you doing when I called?"→ Peter asked what ____________
A. I was doing when he calledB. I had been doing when he calledC. was I doing when he calledD. I have been doing when he called
11. Mary: "Do you like spicy food?"→ Mary asked if ____________
A. I like spicy foodB. I liked spicy foodC. did I like spicy foodD. I had liked spicy food
12. Teacher: "Why didn't you submit your assignment on time?"→ The teacher asked why ____________
A. I didn't submit my assignment on timeB. I haven't submitted my assignment on timeC. I hadn't submitted my assignment on timeD. didn't I submit my assignment on time
13. Bob: "How many languages can you speak?"→ Bob wanted to know ____________
A. how many languages can I speakB. how many languages I could speakC. how many languages I can speakD. how many languages could I speak
14. Emma: "Where are you going for your vacation?"→ Emma asked where ____________
A. I am going for my vacationB. I was going for my vacationC. am I going for my vacationD. I went for my vacation
15. David asked her, "Have you ever been to Paris?"→ David asked if ____________
A. she has ever been to ParisB. had I ever been to ParisC. she had ever been to ParisD. I have ever been to Paris
Đáp án:
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. C
Bài tập 3: Bài tập viết lại câu tường thuật dùng từ gợi ý
1. Sarah said, "I will visit my grandparents next week".→ Sarah said (that) ____________________________________________________________
2. Tom said, "I have never been to Paris".→ Tom said (that) _____________________________________________________________
3. The teacher said, "The exam will be on Friday".→ The teacher said (that) _______________________________________________________
4. My sister said, "I'm learning to play the piano".→ My sister said (that) _________________________________________________________
5. John said, "I can't find my car keys".→ John said (that) _____________________________________________________________
6. Emma said, "I've been working on this project for a month".→ Emma said (that) ____________________________________________________________
7. The doctor said, "You need to take this medicine twice a day".→ The doctor said (that) ________________________________________________________
8. Mike said, "I'll call you as soon as I arrive".→ Mike said (that) _____________________________________________________________
9. Lisa said, "I don't like spicy food".→ Lisa said (that) _____________________________________________________________
10. The manager said, "We're having a meeting tomorrow morning".→ The manager said (that) _____________________________________________________
11. Peter said, "I've lost my wallet”.→ Peter said (that) ____________________________________________________________
12. Anna said, "I'm going to the gym after work”.→ Anna said (that) ____________________________________________________________
13. The waiter said, "Your table will be ready in 10 minutes".→ The waiter said (that) ________________________________________________________
14. David said, "I've been living in this city for five years".→ David said (that) _____________________________________________________________
15. The weatherman said, "It will rain tomorrow".→ The weatherman said (that) ___________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. Sarah said (that) she would visit her grandparents the following week.
2. Tom said (that) he had never been to Paris.
3. The teacher said (that) the exam would be on Friday.
4. My sister said (that) she was learning to play the piano.
5. John said (that) he couldn't find his car keys.
6. Emma said (that) she had been working on that project for a month.
7. The doctor said (that) I/we needed to take that medicine twice a day.
8. Mike said (that) he would call me/us as soon as he arrived.
9. Lisa said (that) she didn't like spicy food.
10. The manager said (that) they were having a meeting the next morning.
11. Peter said (that) he had lost his wallet.
12. Anna said (that) she was going to the gym after work.
13. The waiter said (that) our table would be ready in 10 minutes.
14. David said (that) he had been living in that city for five years.
15. The weatherman said (that) it would rain the next day.
Bài tập 4: Sắp xếp các từ sau để tạo thành câu hỏi gián tiếp hoàn chỉnh
1. where/the/Mary/nearest/asked/was/station/bus→ Mary ____________________________________________________________
2. to/John/close/the/told/window/me→ John ____________________________________________________________
3. how/teacher/homework/long/The/taken/had/asked/the→ The teacher ____________________________________________________________
4. if/liked/Sam/coffee/wondered/I→ Sam ____________________________________________________________
5. what/exclaimed/beautiful/day/a/She→ She ____________________________________________________________
6. when/leave/did/train/last/the/He/asked→ He ____________________________________________________________
7. to/not/The/touch/told/sign/visitors/the/exhibits→ The sign ____________________________________________________________
8. why/late/they/Lisa/were/asked→ Lisa ____________________________________________________________
9. how/make/to/pizza/Tim/asked→ Tim ____________________________________________________________
10. what/an/match/exciting/commentator/The/exclaimed→ The commentator ____________________________________________________________
11. if/had/ever/skydiving/gone/She/asked/I→ She ____________________________________________________________
12. please/speak/to/asked/more/The/students/slowly/teacher→ The teacher ____________________________________________________________
13. where/book/put/my/I/had/Mom/asked→ Mom ____________________________________________________________
14. what/delicious/meal/a/guest/The/exclaimed→ The guest ____________________________________________________________
15. turn/told/to/volume/down/the/Dad/me→ Dad ____________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. Mary asked where the nearest bus station was.
2. John told me to close the window.
3. The teacher asked how long the homework had taken.
4. Sam wondered if I liked coffee.
5. She exclaimed what a beautiful day it was.
6. He asked when the last train left.
7. The sign told visitors not to touch the exhibits.
8. Lisa asked why they were late.
9. Tim asked how to make pizza.
10. The commentator exclaimed what an exciting match it was.
11. She asked if I had ever gone skydiving.
12. The teacher asked the students to please speak more slowly.
13. Mom asked where I had put my book.
14. The guest exclaimed what a delicious meal it was.
15. Dad told me to turn the volume down.
Luyện tập thêm: Bài tập chia động từ lớp 8
Bài tập 5: Chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các câu tường thuật
yesterday
that night
the following week
there
her
that afternoon
the day before
two days later
then
those
that
the next day
last month
here
tomorrow
1. "I will finish this project tomorrow." → He said he would finish the project ____________.
2. "Where did you buy these shoes?" → She asked where I had bought ____________ shoes.
3. "What a beautiful sunset!" → They exclaimed ____________ it was a beautiful sunset.
4. "Don't forget to call your mother." → He reminded me ____________ to call my mother.
5. "I visited Paris last month." → She told me she had visited Paris ____________.
6. "Are you coming to the party tonight?" → He asked if I was coming to the party ____________.
7. "This book belongs to my sister." → He said ____________ book belonged to his sister.
8. "I'm studying for my exam now." → She said she was studying for her exam ____________.
9. "We'll meet at the station." → They said they would meet ____________ at the station.
10. "How long have you been waiting?" → He wanted to know how long I had been waiting ____________.
11. "Clean your room immediately!" → Mom ordered me to clean my room ____________.
12. "I saw the movie yesterday." → He said he had seen the movie ____________.
13. "We're having dinner at 8 PM." → They said they were having dinner ____________ at 8 PM.
14. "What an amazing performance!" → The audience exclaimed ____________ it was an amazing performance.
15. "I'll start my new job next week." → She announced that she would start her new job ____________.
Đáp án:
1. the next day
2. those
3. that
4. not to forget
5. the previous month/last month
6. that night
7. that
8. then
9. there
10. there
11. immediately
12. the day before
13. that night
14. that
15. the following week
Luyện tập thêm: Tổng hợp các dạng bài tập câu tường thuật thường gặp
Tổng kết
Bài viết đã cung cấp lý thuyết và bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 8 có đáp án, giúp học sinh nắm vững kiến thức về cách chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp. Thông qua việc thực hành với các dạng câu hỏi cơ bản và bài tập viết lại câu có đáp án, học sinh có thể nắm vững kiến thức ngữ pháp quan trọng này, tạo nền tảng vững chắc cho việc học tiếng Anh ở các cấp độ cao hơn.
Để nâng cao kỹ năng tiếng Anh toàn diện, học sinh Trung học Cơ sở có thể tham khảo khóa luyện thi IELTS Junior tại ZIM. Khóa học này giúp học sinh làm quen với bài thi IELTS, phát triển tư duy ngôn ngữ, mở rộng kiến thức xã hội và tự tin sử dụng thành thạo bốn kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết. Liên hệ Hotline 1900-2833 (nhánh số 1) để được tư vấn chi tiết về khóa học.
