Symptoms & Causes of GI Bleeding

What are the symptoms of GI bleeding?

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding symptoms depend on the type of GI bleeding you have. If you have symptoms of acute or severe GI bleeding, seek medical help right away.

Acute GI bleeding

Acute bleeding begins suddenly and can sometimes be severe. You may notice symptoms, such as

Acute GI bleeding may have other symptoms, such as

If acute GI bleeding is severe, you could go into shock. Symptoms of shock include

Shock is life-threatening. If you have symptoms of shock, seek emergency medical help right away.

A young woman supports an older woman who appears to be dizzy.Symptoms of acute GI bleeding may include feeling dizzy or fainting.

Chronic GI bleeding

Chronic GI bleeding may cause you to have a small amount of blood in your stool. If the amount of blood is too small for you or your doctor to see, it is called occult bleeding. Doctors can order stool and blood tests to check for occult bleeding.

In some cases, chronic GI bleeding causes mild symptoms that come and go over time. In addition, you may have variable symptoms and notice that your stool is sometimes black and tarry or sometimes mixed with bright red blood.

Over time, chronic bleeding can cause anemia. Symptoms of anemia may include

If the amount of bleeding suddenly increases, you may have symptoms of acute GI bleeding. If you have symptoms of acute GI bleeding, seek medical help right away.

What causes GI bleeding?

A variety of diseases and conditions can cause GI bleeding, and these vary by where in the GI tract the bleeding takes place.

Upper GI bleeding

Causes of upper GI bleeding include6

Small bowel bleeding

Causes of small bowel bleeding include7,8

Lower GI bleeding

Causes of lower GI bleeding include9

References

[6] Rockey DC. Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. UpToDate. Updated July 13, 2022. Accessed March 12, 2024. www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-upper-gastrointestinal-bleeding-in-adults

[7] Brar HS, Shah NJ. Small bowel bleeding. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; March 6, 2023. Accessed July 17, 2024. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568709

[8] Murphy B, Winter DC, Kavanagh DO. Small bowel gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis and management—a narrative review. Frontiers in Surgery. 2019;6:25. Published May 16, 2024. Accessed April 10, 2024. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532547

[9] Strate L. Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. UpToDate. Updated January 30, 2023. Accessed March 12, 2024. www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-lower-gastrointestinal-bleeding-in-adults

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