2010 House election results map Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gainGubernatorial electionsSeats contested39 (37 states, 2 territories)Net seat changeRepublican +6
2010 gubernatorial election results map Democratic gain Republican gain Democratic hold Republican hold Independent gain Elections were held in the United States on November 2, 2010, in the middle of Democratic President Barack Obama's first term. Republicans ended unified Democratic control of Congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives and gained seats in the Senate despite Democrats holding Senate control.
Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate (including a special election held in January 2010) but failed to gain a majority in the chamber. In the House of Representatives, Republicans won a net gain of 63 seats, the largest shift in seats since the 1948 elections. In state elections, Republicans won a net gain of six gubernatorial seats and flipped control of twenty state legislative chambers, giving them a substantial advantage in the redistricting that occurred following the 2010 United States census. The election was widely characterized as a "Republican wave" election.
The heavy Democratic losses in 2010 were mainly attributed to the passing of the Affordable Care Act along with a poor economic recovery from the Great Recession and large budget deficits. This marked the first election since 1858 that yielded a Republican-controlled House and a Democratic-controlled Senate.
Candidates and voters in 2010 focused on national economic conditions and the economic policies of the Obama administration and congressional Democrats. Attention was paid to public anger over the Wall Street bailout signed into law by President George W. Bush in late 2008. Voters were also motivated for and against the sweeping reforms of the health care system enacted by Democrats in 2010, as well as concerns over tax rates and record deficits.[2] At the time of the election, unemployment was over 9%, and had not declined significantly since Barack Obama had become president. Further eroding public trust in Congress were a series of scandals that saw Democratic representatives Charlie Rangel and Maxine Waters, as well as Republican senator John Ensign, all accused of unethical or illegal conduct in the months leading up to the 2010 election.
Immigration reform had become an important issue in 2010, particularly following the passage of Arizona Senate Bill 1070, officially known as the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act. The Act greatly enhanced the power of Arizona's law enforcement agencies to investigate the immigration status of suspected illegal immigrants and to enforce state and national immigration laws. The Act also required immigrants to carry their immigration documentation on their person at all times. Its passage by a Republican-led legislature and its subsequent and very public signing by Jan Brewer, the Republican Governor of Arizona, ignited protests across the Southwest and galvanized political opinion among both pro-immigration Latino groups and Tea Party activists, many of whom supported stronger measures to stem illegal immigration.
The passage of the controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also contributed to the low approval ratings of Congress, particularly Democrats, in the months leading up to the election. Many Republicans ran on a promise to repeal the law, and beat incumbent Democratic opponents who had voted in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
On January 19, 2010, a special election was also held for the Class I seat in Massachusetts, as a result of the death of incumbent Senator Ted Kennedy. Republican Scott Brown won the seat.
The 34 seats in the United States Senate Class III were up for election. In addition, the Class I/II seats held by appointed Senators Ted Kaufman of Delaware, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, and Carte Goodwin of West Virginia were contested in special elections on the same day. Republicans picked up six seats, but Democrats retained a majority in the Senate.
All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. Additionally, elections were held to select the delegates for the District of Columbia and four of the five U.S. territories. The only seat in the House not up for election was that of the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, who serves a four-year term and faced election in 2012. Republicans won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 6.8 points[3] and picked up 63 seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time since the 2006 elections. This represented the largest single-election shift in House seats since the 1948 elections and the largest midterm election shift since the 1938 elections. The only seat Democrats flipped without unseating a Republican was Delaware's lone House seat, going to former Lt. Governor John Carney.[4][5]
37 state and two territory United States governors were up for election. Republicans picked up a net of six state governorships; Democrats won control of five governorships previously controlled by Republicans, but Republicans took 11 governorships.
In many states where the following positions are elected offices, voters elected state executive branch offices (including Lieutenant Governors (though some will be voted for on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, state Superintendent of Education, Commissioners of Insurance, Agriculture or, Labor, etc.) and state judicial branch offices (seats on state Supreme Courts and, in some states, state appellate courts).
Republicans scored record gains, gaining at least 680 total seats and taking control of 20 legislative chambers through election, while the Democrats lost 21 chambers.[6][7] The winners of this election cycle were slated to serve in their respective legislatures for either two or four-year terms, depending on state election rules.
Republicans made substantial gains in state legislatures across the nation. Twenty chambers flipped from Democratic to Republican control, giving Republicans full control of eleven state legislatures and control of one chamber in Colorado, Iowa, and New York.1[8] Additionally, Republicans gained enough seats in the Oregon House of Representatives to produce a 30-30 party split, pushing Democrats into a power-sharing agreement that resulted in the election of two "co-speakers" (one from each party) to lead the chamber.[9] Republicans gained a total of 680 seats in state legislative races, breaking the previous record of 628 flipped seats set by Democrats in the post-Watergate elections of 1974.[10]
Six states saw both chambers switch from Democrat to Republican majorities: Alabama (where the Republicans won a majority and a trifecta for the first time since 1874), Maine (for the first time since 1964), Minnesota (for the first time since 1915 in partisan elections and 1973 in non-partisan elections), New Hampshire, North Carolina (for the first time since 1896), and Wisconsin. In addition, by picking up the lower chambers in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Montana[a] and Pennsylvania, Republicans gained control of both chambers in an additional five states. Further, Republicans picked up one chamber from Democrats in Colorado, Iowa, and New York to split control in those states. They expanded majorities in both chambers in Texas, Florida, and Georgia. The massive Republican victories in legislative races would be widely expected to significantly impact the redrawing of congressional districts for the 2012 election cycle.
On November 2, 2010, various cities, counties, school boards, and special districts (in the United States) witnessed elections. Some elections were high-profile.
- Luzerne County, Pennsylvania: The voters of Luzerne County adopted a home rule charter by a margin of 51,413 to 41,639.[11][12] This changed the county’s government from a board of county commissioners to a council-manager form of government. The following year (in 2011), the first general election for the new assembly was held. The first council members were sworn in on January 2, 2012.[13]
High-profile mayoral elections are listed below:
- Honolulu, Hawaii: Incumbent mayor Mufi Hannemann resigned on July 20, 2010, to run for Governor of Hawaii. The city's Managing Director Kirk Caldwell served as acting mayor until Peter Carlisle was elected in a special election on September 18.
- Louisville, Kentucky: Incumbent mayor Jerry Abramson declined to run for a third consecutive term in order to run for Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 2011. Greg Fischer was elected as the successor.
- New Orleans, Louisiana: Incumbent mayor Ray Nagin was term-limited out of office. Mitch Landrieu was elected as the new mayor on February 6.
- Washington, D.C.: Incumbent mayor Adrian Fenty was defeated in the Democratic primary by Vincent C. Gray, who then went on to win the general election.
Approximately 82.5 million people voted.[14] Turnout increased relative to the previous U.S. midterm elections without any significant shift in voters' political identification.[15]
Bold indicates a change in control. Note that not all states held gubernatorial, state legislative, and United States Senate elections in 2010.
State[16] Before 2010 elections[17] After 2010 elections[18] State PVI Governor State leg. US Senate US House Governor State leg. US Senate US House Alabama R+13 Rep Dem Rep Rep 5-2 Rep Rep Rep Rep 6-1 Alaska R+13 Rep Split Split Rep 1-0 Rep Split Split Rep 1-0 Arizona R+6 Rep Rep Rep Dem 5-3 Rep Rep Rep Rep 5-3 Arkansas R+9 Dem Dem Dem Dem 3-1 Dem Dem Split Rep 3-1 California D+7 Rep Dem Dem Dem 34-19 Dem Dem Dem Dem 34-19 Colorado Even Dem Dem Dem Dem 5-2 Dem Split Dem Rep 4-3 Connecticut D+7 Rep Dem Split D/I Dem 5-0 Dem Dem Split D/I Dem 5-0 Delaware D+7 Dem Dem Dem Rep 1-0 Dem Dem Dem Dem 1-0 Florida R+2 Ind Rep Split Rep 15-10 Rep Rep Split Rep 19-6 Georgia R+7 Rep Rep Rep Rep 7-6 Rep Rep Rep Rep 8-5 Hawaii D+12 Rep Dem Dem Split 1-1 Dem Dem Dem Dem 2-0 Idaho R+17 Rep Rep Rep Split 1-1 Rep Rep Rep Rep 2-0 Illinois D+8 Dem Dem Dem Dem 12-7 Dem Dem Split Rep 11-8 Indiana R+6 Rep Split Split Dem 5-3 Rep Rep Rep Rep 6-3 Iowa D+1 Dem Dem Split Dem 3-2 Rep Split Split Dem 3-2 Kansas R+11 Dem Rep Rep Rep 3-1 Rep Rep Rep Rep 4-0 Kentucky R+10 Dem Split Rep Rep 4-2 Dem Split Rep Rep 4-2 Louisiana R+10 Rep Dem Split Rep 6-1 Rep Dem Split Rep 6-1 Maine D+5 Dem Dem Rep Dem 2-0 Rep Rep Rep Dem 2-0 Maryland D+9 Dem Dem Dem Dem 7-1 Dem Dem Dem Dem 6-2 Massachusetts D+12 Dem Dem Split Dem 10-0 Dem Dem Split Dem 10-0 Michigan D+4 Dem Split Dem Dem 8-7 Rep Rep Dem Rep 9-6 Minnesota D+2 Rep Dem Dem Dem 5-3 Dem Rep Dem Split 4-4 Mississippi R+10 Rep Dem Rep Dem 3-1 Rep Dem Rep Rep 3-1 Missouri R+3 Dem Rep Split Rep 5-4 Dem Rep Split Rep 6-3 Montana R+7 Dem Split Dem Rep 1-0 Dem Rep Dem Rep 1-0 Nebraska R+13 Rep NP Split Rep 3-0 Rep NP Split Rep 3-0 Nevada D+1 Rep Dem Split Dem 2-1 Rep Dem Split Rep 2-1 New Hampshire D+2 Dem Dem Split Dem 2-0 Dem Rep Split Rep 2-0 New Jersey D+4 Rep Dem Dem Dem 8-5 Rep Dem Dem Dem 7-6 New Mexico D+2 Dem Dem Dem Dem 3-0 Rep Dem Dem Dem 2-1 New York D+10 Dem Dem Dem Dem 26-2 Dem Split Dem Dem 21-8 North Carolina R+4 Dem Dem Split Dem 8-5 Dem Rep Split Dem 7-6 North Dakota R+10 Rep Rep Dem Dem 1-0 Rep Rep Split Rep 1-0 Ohio R+1 Dem Split Split Dem 10-8 Rep Rep Split Rep 13-5 Oklahoma R+17 Dem Rep Rep Rep 4-1 Rep Rep Rep Rep 4-1 Oregon D+4 Dem Dem Dem Dem 4-1 Dem Split Dem Dem 4-1 Pennsylvania D+2 Dem Split Dem Dem 12-7 Rep Rep Spilt Rep 12-7 Rhode Island D+11 Rep Dem Dem Dem 2-0 Ind Dem Dem Dem 2-0 South Carolina R+8 Rep Rep Rep Rep 4-2 Rep Rep Rep Rep 5-1 South Dakota R+9 Rep Rep Split Dem 1-0 Rep Rep Split Rep 1-0 Tennessee R+9 Dem Rep Rep Dem 5-4 Rep Rep Rep Rep 7-2 Texas R+10 Rep Rep Rep Rep 20-12 Rep Rep Rep Rep 23-9 Utah R+20 Rep Rep Rep Rep 2-1 Rep Rep Rep Rep 2-1 Vermont D+13 Rep Dem Split D/I[c] Dem 1-0 Dem Dem Split D/I[c] Dem 1-0 Virginia R+2 Rep Split Dem Dem 6-5 Rep Split Dem Rep 8-3 Washington D+5 Dem Dem Dem Dem 6-3 Dem Dem Dem Dem 5-4 West Virginia R+8 Dem Dem Dem Dem 2-1 Dem Dem Dem Rep 2-1 Wisconsin D+2 Dem Dem Dem Dem 5-3 Rep Rep Split Rep 5-3 Wyoming R+20 Dem Rep Rep Rep 1-0 Rep Rep Rep Rep 1-0 United States Even Dem 26-23 Dem 27-14 Dem 59-41 Dem 255-178 Rep 29-20 Rep 25-16 Dem 53-47 Rep 242-193 Washington, D.C. D+43 Dem[d] Dem[d] — Dem Dem Dem — Dem American Samoa — NP/D[e] NP Dem NP/D[e] NP Dem Guam Rep Dem Dem Rep Dem Dem N. Mariana Islands CP Rep Ind[f] CP Rep Dem[g] Puerto Rico PNP/R[h] PNP PNP/D[i] PNP/R[h] PNP PNP/D[i] U.S. Virgin Islands Dem Dem Dem Dem Dem Dem Subdivision PVI Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House Governor State leg. U.S. Senate U.S. House Subdivision and PVI Before 2010 elections After 2010 elections- Abramson, Paul; Aldrich, John; Rohde, David (2010). Change and Continuity in the 2008 Elections. doi:10.4135/9781483330846. ISBN 9781604265200.
- Bullock, Charles S., et al. Key States, High Stakes: Sarah Palin, the Tea Party, and the 2010 Elections (2011)
- Jacobson, Gary C. (2011). "The Republican Resurgence in 2010". Political Science Quarterly. 126: 27-52. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2011.tb00693.x.
- Sabato, Larry. Who Got in the Booth? A Look Back at the 2010 Elections (2011)
- 2010 Midterm Election Debates on C-SPAN
- Wesleyan Media Project: 2010 Political Advertising Analysis at Wesleyan University
- Elections 2010 at The New York Times
- Campaign 2010 at The Washington Post
- Election 2010 at NPR
- 2010 Election at ABC News
- Campaign 2010 on C-SPAN
- Campaign 2010 at CBS News
- Election Center at CNN
- Elections at Fox News
- Decision 2010 at MSNBC
